Sanjivani Wellness: Spa & Salon Bhilai, Chhattisgarh

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The brain controls the movements of voluntary muscles via specialised nerves. The combination of the nervous system and muscles, working together to permit movement, is known as the neuromuscular system. If you want to move part of your body, a message is sent to particular neurons called upper motor neurons. Upper motor neurons have long tails (axons) that go into and through the brain, and into the spinal cord, where they connect with lower motor neurons.
At the spinal cord, the lower motor neurons in the spinal cord send their axons via nerves in the arms and legs directly to the muscle they control. Each lower motor neuron is subdivided into many tiny branches. The tip of each branch is called a presynaptic terminal. This connection between the tip of the nerve and the muscle is also called the neuromuscular junction.

The electrical signal from the brain travels down the nerves and prompts the release of the chemical acetylcholine from the presynaptic terminals. This chemical is picked up by special sensors (receptors) in the muscle tissue. If enough receptors are stimulated by acetylcholine, your muscles will contract.

There are many diseases that are classified as neuromuscular disorders with different symptoms. These symptoms may include: Muscular weakness, Muscle wastage, Muscular cramps, Muscle spasticity (stiffness), which later causes joint or skeletal deformities, Muscle pain, Breathing difficulties, and Swallowing difficulties.

A range of causes may include: Genetic mutation, Viral infection, Autoimmune disorder, Hormonal disorder, Metabolic disorder, Dietary deficiency, Certain drugs and poisons and unknown factors.

Four main NM groups of diseases:

* Motor neuron diseases – The lower (and sometimes also the upper) motor neurons gradually die.
Eg. infantile progressive spinal muscular atrophy (SMA1), intermediate spinal muscular atrophy (SMA2), juvenile spinal muscular atrophy (SMA3) and adult spinal muscular atrophy. The most common form of motor neuron disease, known simply as motor neurone disease or amyotrophic lateral sclerosis or Lou Gehrig’s disease, is usually not inherited and its cause remains unknown.

* Neuropathies – the peripheral nervous system (nerves other than those within the spinal cord) are affected. Some of the different diseases of the peripheral nerve include the genetic disease Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease; the hormonal disorder diabetes (if poorly controlled) and autoimmune diseases such as chronic inflammatory demyelinating neuropathy (CIDP).

* Neuromuscular junction disorders – the transmission of the signal to contract a muscle is blocked as it tries to bridge the gap between the nerve and muscle. The most common of these diseases is myasthenia gravis, an autoimmune disease where the immune system produces antibodies that attach themselves to the neuromuscular junction and prevent transmission of the nerve impulse to the muscle.

* Myopathies including muscular dystrophies – are caused by various genetic mutations that prevent the maintenance and repair of muscle tissue. Eg. Becker muscular dystrophy, congenital muscular dystrophy, Duchenne muscular dystrophy and facioscapulohumeral muscular dystrophy.

Other diseases of the muscles (myopathies) can be caused as a rare side effect of medications (for example, the cholesterol-lowering drugs known as statins), autoimmune disease such as polymyositis or polymyalgia rheumatica or hormonal disorders such as hypothyroidism.

Diagnosis and treatment: Depending on the condition, neuromuscular disorders are diagnosed using a range of tests, including electrical tests known as nerve conduction studies (to measure the ability of nerves to conduct electricity), electromyography (EMG) to examine the health of a muscle, blood tests, muscle biopsies and genetic testing. Treatment varies widely, according to the individual disorder, and some conditions are more easily treated than others.
Ayurvedic Panch Karma procedures are new hopes for Neuro-Muscular protection. Should be done under direct supervision of experts.

Fusion of Ayurveda & Yoga with new research for Skin & Hair Care:
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Micro Derma Abraision, Skin Polishing, Pimple & Hair Fall Treatment since 1984.